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==Events== *1099 – First Crusade: Fifteen thousand starving Christian soldiers march in a religious procession around Jerusalem as its Muslim defenders look on. *1283 – War of the Sicilian Vespers: Roger of Lauria, commanding the Aragonese fleet defeats an Angevin fleet sent to put down a rebellion on Malta in the Battle of Malta. *1497 – Vasco da Gama sets sail on the first direct European voyage to India. *1579 – Our Lady of Kazan, a holy icon of the Russian Orthodox Church, is discovered underground in the city of Kazan, Tatarstan. *1663 – Charles II of England grants John Clarke a Royal charter to Rhode Island. *1709 – Great Northern War: Battle of Poltava: Peter I of Russia defeats Charles XII of Sweden at Poltava thus effectively ending Sweden's role as a major power in Europe. *1716 – Great Northern War: The naval Battle of Dynekilen takes place. *1730 – An estimated magnitude 8.7 earthquake causes a tsunami that damages more than of Chile's coastline. *1758 – French forces hold Fort Carillon against the British at Ticonderoga, New York. *1760 – French and Indian War: Battle of Restigouche: British forces defeat French forces in last naval battle in New France. *1775 – The Olive Branch Petition is signed by the Continental Congress of the Thirteen Colonies of North America. *1776 – Liberty Bell is rung with reading of Declaration of Independence of the United States. *1808 – Joseph Bonaparte approves the Bayonne Statute, a royal charter intended as the basis for his rule as king of Spain. *1822 – Chippewas turn over a huge tract of land in Ontario to the United Kingdom. *1853 – U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry arrives in Edo bay with a treaty requesting trade. *1859 – King Charles XV & IV accedes to the throne of Sweden–Norway. *1864 – Ikedaya Incident: The Choshu Han shishi's planned Shinsengumi sabotage on Kyoto, Japan at Ikedaya. *1874 – The Mounties begin their March West. *1876 – White supremacists kill five Black Republicans in Hamburg, South Carolina. *1879 – Sailing ship departs San Francisco carrying an ill-fated expedition to the North Pole. *1889 – The first issue of ''The Wall Street Journal'' is published. *1892 – St. John's, Newfoundland is devastated in the Great Fire of 1892. *1898 – The death of crime boss Soapy Smith, killed in the Shootout on Juneau Wharf, releases Skagway, Alaska from his iron grip. *1912 – Henrique Mitchell de Paiva Couceiro leads an unsuccessful royalist attack against the First Portuguese Republic in Chaves. *1932 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average reaches its lowest level of the Great Depression, closing at 41.22. *1933 – The first rugby union test match between the Wallabies of Australia and the Springboks of South Africa is played at Newlands Stadium in Cape Town. *1937 – Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan sign the Treaty of Saadabad. *1947 – Reports are broadcast that a UFO crash landed in Roswell, New Mexico in what became known as the Roswell UFO incident. *1948 – The United States Air Force accepts its first female recruits into a program called Women in the Air Force (WAF). *1960 – Francis Gary Powers is charged with espionage resulting from his flight over the Soviet Union. *1962 – Ne Win besieges and dynamites the Rangoon University Student Union building to crush the Student Movement. *1966 – King Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng of Burundi is deposed by his son Prince Charles Ndizi. *1968 – The Chrysler wildcat strike begins in Detroit, Michigan. *1970 – Richard Nixon delivers a special congressional message enunciating Native American self-determination as official US Indian policy, leading to the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975. *1982 – Assassination attempt against Iraqi president Saddam Hussein in Dujail. *1988 – The Island Express train travelling from Bangalore to Kanyakumari derails on the Peruman bridge and falls into Ashtamudi Lake, killing 105 passengers and injuring over 200 more. *1994 – Kim Jong-il begins to assume supreme leadership of North Korea upon the death of his father, Kim Il-sung. *2011 – Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched in the final mission of the U.S. Space Shuttle program. *2014 – Israel launches an offensive on Gaza amidst rising tensions following the killing of Israeli teenagers. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「July 8」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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